New blueprint outlines the role of the City in supporting industrial strategy, alongside catalytic public finance
London, 20th February 2024: Today, a new report authored by IPPR, with contributions from the Green Finance Institute, sets out a practical roadmap for ways to mobilise the private sector to invest in net zero at pace and scale.
The UK Government has acknowledged that £50-60 billion per year is required annually from 2030 to finance the UK’s net zero transition. Private investment will make up the majority of this but will require policy predictability and catalytic public finance to create credible investment opportunities. This new report offers a blueprint for a systematic, collaborative approach between the state and the market to mobilise private capital. This approach was informed by extensive consultation with the market and confirms the appetite of investors to work more closely with the public sector in an accountable, transparent way.
Drawing on insights from over 40 experts, Making Markets: The City’s Role in Industrial Strategy offers both broad commentary on the changes needed to attract greater private sector investment, as well as specific, practical recommendations. This includes an overview of what is needed to mobilise the private sector to invest, including:
- Long-term strategy , clarity and consistency in policy pathways, with investable transition plans.
- Catalytic public finance, where regulation alone is insufficient for the scale of the net zero challenge, private capital can be mobilised into priority sectors through blended finance solutions.
- Sector-specific policy interventions. Financial sector regulation is outpacing action in the real economy sectors, leaving private sector firms unable to take concrete steps beyond disclosure; more focus must be given to solving sector-specific policy and regulatory barriers and creating adequate financial incentives to invest.
- Partnership and monitoring progress, so that the market can operate with sufficient information and where needed, co-create investment solutions with government, with a function to track investor confidence and growth of markets.
The overarching recommendation is that greater partnership and collaboration between the public and private sectors, underpinned by investable sectoral transition pathways, is required to ensure strong, secure growth and a fairer, greener future. Understanding that different sectors have unique risk-return characteristics, and different public finance interventions will be needed for different sectors, alongside specific pools of private sector capital, is crucial.
It also sets out the tangible means to turn partnership into outcomes. A key recommendation to do this is to set up a new state-backed investment fund to deliver equity co-investments, recycling capital to catalyse new markets, alongside the government using existing grant funding and guarantee schemes more efficiently.
It offers recommendations in three key areas:
- Understanding and Collaboration: Sectoral stakeholder councils, guided by sectoral pathways, should be established to accurately monitor green investment, investor confidence, and the impact of policies to stimulate investment. This will be the baseline to establish trust and consistency between the market and the government, and must have the ability to support policy changes and co-create and operationalise solutions.
- Catalyse Green Markets: Even with the clarity that an industrial strategy will provide, catalytic state investment is necessary to scale investment at pace. A new public-backed institution should be established to take a more risk-appropriate approach to financing priority sectors, focusing on delivering an average public to private finance mobilisation ratio, rather than be constrained by risk-averse target returns or public borrowing target. Blended finance and the more strategic use of public capital should underpin all of this, with the ultimate goal of making emerging UK industries less risky to invest in.
- Deliver a Wider Policy and Regulatory Environment: It is essential to develop a robust green finance regulatory framework and real economy, sector-specific enabling environments. Sectoral stakeholder forums should develop solutions to sector-specific investment barriers, and delivering the Government’s 2023 Green Finance Strategy is important Several key policies and regulations having been delayed; a clear timeline and commitment to implement these must be provided by the government.
The Conservative government has taken key steps forward since COP26 with the establishment of the Net Zero Council, committing to implement key regulations, and making targeted investments in critical industries. Opposition parties have stated their commitment and outlined their plans to finance the net zero transition. This implies that there will be increased public finance and the need for the private sector to fill the remaining funding gap, which this paper seeks to close.